Sunday, December 12, 2010

Grading of hypertensive retinopathy as complication of hypertension


GRADE I : generalized narrowing of arterioles

GRADE II : Grade I + arterioles spasm + vein constriction (AV nipping)

GRADE III : Grade II + dot-blot
cotton wool spots=microinfarction of the nerve fibres
flame shaped haemorrhage=extravasated RBC
hard waxy exudates=extravasated lipophilic materials

GRADE IV : Grade III + optic dics edema (papilloedema)




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